LETTER TO MENOECEUS
Epicurus
Epicurus has gotten a bit of a bum rap from posterity.  While it's certainly true that he advocated the idea that pleasure was the highest good in life, it should also be noted that Epircurus was quite specific in which pleasures he thought could lead to sustainable happiness.  And these were definitely not the kinds of material pleasures that you probably have in mind when you think of the word "epicurean."  In fact, as you read Epicurus' "Letter to Menoeceus," you might find yourself actually surprised at the advice this so-called hedonist offers those who seek to attain lasting happiness.
LETTER TO MENOECEUS
As you read, be sure that you are able to answer the following questions:   
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  1. What were the two main schools of hedonism in the ancient world?  What were the major differences between these two schools when it came to the  pursuit of pleasure?  (video lecture) 
  2. What is the difference between static and kinetic pleasure?  Which form of pleasure does Epicurus promote in his philosophy (video lecture)
  3. What are Epicurus' beliefs concerning death?  Why does he believe that death is ultimately nothing to fear?  (text)
  4. What is the ultimate goal of life according to Epicurus?  (text)
  5. Why does Epicurus believe that a sensible hedonist will ignore many seemingly desirable pleasures that come his or her way?  What guidelines or suggestions does Epicurus give for the rational pursuit of pleasures?  (text)

Looking to read something else about this topic?  Explore Sara Kline's defense of pleasure as the ultimate goal of human  life at Wisdom's Haven (2013).  Once you've gotten a "taste" for Epicureanism, you may want to explore Epicurus' thought in greater depth.  If so, check out Marcus Tullius Cicero's take on Epicureanism in Book I of On Final Ends.  Epicurus' approach to hedonism was not the only one popular in the ancient world.  For a much less subtle approach to pleasure, explore some selections from The Greek Anthology.  But be forewarned: some of these poems are quite explicit!
Select one of the following question to reflect upon after having gone through all of the above steps:

  1. Do you think the belief that pleasure is the supreme good in life makes sense?  What do you think the benefits would be to living your life according to this belief?
  2. Epicurus basically argues that living a simple life (i.e., one that avoids the pursuit of materialistic pleasures) is the best way to achieve enduring happiness.  Do you think this is true or not?  If it is true, why do you think that so many American reject this idea and choose to adopt a highly consumerist and materialistic lifestyle.
  3. In "What's The Problem with Pleasure" Sara Kline offers a strong case for the pursuit of pleasure as the ultimate good in life.  What do you make of her defense of a hedonistic way of life?
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